Costa And Mccrae s Five Factor Theory Of Personality And...

Both Costa and McCrae’s Five Factor theory of personality and Eysenck’s PEN theory have been the subject of significant research in an effort to better understand human personality. This paper focuses on two opposing theories: Costa and McCrae’s Five Factor model, a lexically-based theory with five factors, and Eysenck’s PEN model, a biologically-based theory with three core traits of personality. Utilizing factor analysis, Raymond Cattell (1946) recognized 16 personality factors (16pf). Cattell believed each individual exhibits 16 distinctive personality traits, each person embodying different traits; some might be considered high in certain attributes while deemed low in others. Fellow scientists and associates criticized Cattell s 16pf questionnaire, and postulated that 16 personality factors were too many to effectively conduct studies on human personality. Different reactions came about because of the failure to reproduce Cattell s work. Numerous researchers, for example, Paul Barrett and Paul Kline were not able reproduce Cattell s 16pf questionnaire (Barrett and Kline, 1982). Nevertheless, in questioning the validity of Cattell s work and expanding on years of research examining personality traits, researchers were able to distinguish five distinct personality factors or characteristics. Cattell s work demonstrated a methodological approach to theory development through the use of factor analysis, a relatively new approach to psychological research (Sinha Show MoreRelatedFive Factor Theory1616 Words   |  7 Pageshuman personality and disorders therein, with the intent to use this model in the remedying of personality disorders and improving general understanding of personality. Currently, a handful of models have risen to prominence, and have thus far stood the test of time. Some models are more generally accepted than others. Support for some models seems to come and go in cycles. One of the more prominent models in contemporary psychology is what is known as the five-factor model of personality. ThisRead MoreFive Dimensions of Personality and Their Correlation with Job Performance2733 Words   |  11 PagesThe accurate definition of personality has been a point of discussion amongst many different philosophers within many different disciplines since the beginning of civilization. Personality can be defined as the relatively stable set of psychological characteristics that influences the way an individual interacts with his or her environment (Johns , 1996: 75). Personality has a rocky history within the workplace and organization behavior because of measurement problems. There is now a renewed interest

The Role of Food in The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of...

Eating and drinking is not only a necessity, but also a pleasure. Humans have known and experienced this since the beginning of man. Food plays a very important part in everybody’s daily life. However, the role of food in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s work The Great Gatsby and John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath vary immensely. The complexity and need for sustenance differ between the books, but both reflect the events, viewpoints, and attitudes of the time periods they are set in. The complexity of food and drink changes from book to book. Extravagant and sophisticated food and drink litter the background in The Great Gatsby. For instance, chapter three of The Great Gatsby describes â€Å"buffet tables, garnished with glistening†¦show more content†¦Chapter 3 incorporates a description of five crates of oranges and lemons arriving at Gatsby’s house, amongst many other elaborate food items (Thomas, 2010). These guests take notice of the lavish dishes scattered about the house, but further mentions of indulgence in his cuisine never surface. Also, the story never references Gatsby eating. His body never seems to experience physical hunger. Instead, emotional hunger pervades his mind. Gatsby yearns for Daisy’s love. His made up world engrosses him so much that actual food never is a must. However, the Joads find food immeasurably necessary. To them, sustenance is just that: a way to sustain themselves. Their meals deliver minimum nourishme nt, but it is just enough to keep them alive. It maintains their strength both physically and mentally. Meals offer time for the family to connect and inspire confidence in each other. Bonding occurs during mealtimes. In addition, they reassure one another that everything will be all right, no matter how dreadful their situation becomes. Food only provides somatic nutrition for the individuals in The Great Gatsby, but the characters from The Grapes of Wrath need food for both physical strength and emotional stability. The role of food also pertains to the time period in which the stories take place. The Roaring Twenties, a period of American prosperity and optimism, provides a backdrop for The Great Gatsby. Food closely parallels the wealthShow MoreRelatedInterpretations Of The American Dream1718 Words   |  7 Pages this deviation of the American Dream from its spiritual quest for the materialistic means of spirit produced a form of beauty and charm in its surface but resulted ungodliness in the spirit if inner mind. American Dream and ‘The Grapes of Wrath’. The Grapes of Wrath was published exploring the American Dream of farmers in Oklahoma as well as the landowners in there and California. The Joad family in the novel lives for an American Dream, which is to have a secure business and a place to liveRead MoreThemes And Styles Of John Steinbeck s The 4033 Words   |  17 Pageshis childhood there and readers learn about his home city and childhood in his works. Steinbeck wrote novels, non-fiction books, short stories, poetry, and plays. Some of his most impactful and recognized works include: Of Mice and Men, The Grapes of Wrath, The Pearl, The Moon is Down, East of Eden, In Dubious Battle, and Tortilla Flat. He was an investigative journalist who worked for the San Francisco News during his lifetime. He was a very controversial writer whose goal was to reform the currentRead MoreThe Blind Side Vs. Great Expectations2207 Words   |  9 PagesClassic Novels: The Blind Side vs. Great Expectations Classic novels are almost abundant in this day and age. One can find them almost anywhere, and the meanings can impact life in a major way. Although many books hold the honor of being considered a classic, some stories are on the outskirts, hoping to have the chance to join the ranks. Stories like these hope to one day join this honorable list. The Blind Side by Michael Lewis is one of those stories. The characters are relatable, the

Following Reconstruction After The Civil War, The Literary

Following reconstruction after the Civil War, the literary movement of realism gained popularity. Therefore, many works of literature during the late 1800s used realism as a key component. Two prominent pieces that exemplify this during this time period are â€Å"Daisy Miller† by Henry James and â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Both of these works have elements of realism, however; â€Å"The Yellow Wall-Paper† is more effective in utilizing elements of realism than â€Å"Daisy Miller†. Realism, according to Howells, is ordinary he believes the novel should â€Å"be the sincere and conscientious endeavor to picture life just as it is† (552). Therefore, the story should be portrayed as close as possible to the lives of ordinary people†¦show more content†¦This does not seem to portray ordinary Americans lives. These details seem to imply that the story centers on characters that are fairly well off in terms of wealth. This is apparent about the Millers from Daisy’s younger brother, Randolph who comments about their father who does business in Schenectady and is rich (James 332). This information takes away from the realism in the story. Another aspect of this piece that does not fit with Howell’s version of realism is the character of Daisy. Daisy is a complex character who challenges social constructs of this time. Shortly after meeting Winterbourne, Daisy tells him, â€Å"I have always had a great deal of gentleman’s society† (James 333). This quote is her explaining her many male friends as well as her female friends. This brings up the idea of gender norms during this time period. She is a women but because of her interactions with men, she considers herself part of â€Å"gentleman’s society† (James 333). Not only does she not consider herself similar to other women in society, other characters are offended by her behavior as a women during this time period. For example, Mrs. Walker condemns her saying, â€Å"flirting with any man she can pick up† (James 353). This exemplifies the gender and social norms at the time, as no one has an issue with Winterbourne’s activities with various women. It is fairly well known that Winterbourne has a lady in Geneva, â€Å"a foreign lady- a personShow MoreRelatedHistorical And Literary Representations Of The Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe2413 Words   |  10 Pagesskin. The term â€Å"race† is a multifaceted, complex topic that has been scrutinized and investigated over the period of Reconstruction in America through the lens of historical and literary representations. The ideals driven by the white American people have defined, and re-defined the origin of race and all the components that encompass it. From making advancements following the Civil War to drawbacks during the passing of the Jim Crow Laws, the ideology of race drove race relations in America. PoliticiansRea d MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner986 Words   |  4 Pagessections: The Old South and the New South. The Old South is associated to the life Scarlett O’Hara at the beginning of the Gone with Wind, complete with the antebellum dresses and plantation houses. The New South is commonly associated with the era of Reconstruction and continues on into modern history. What many people fail to contemplate is the transition from one southern era to another, the change wasn t a smooth one. A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner is a metaphor for the conflict between the changingRead MoreAnalysis of Scarlett O’hara on the Perspective of Feminism5754 Words   |  24 Pages æâ€" ¥ ABSTRACT Gone with the wind was published in 1936, ten years after Mitchell writing it. It got a great success and becomes one of the bestselling novels of all time. It received the 1937 Pulitzer Prize. As the first novel which depicts American Civil War from women’s perspective, Margaret focuses on the suffering from the war of those women who stay at home and their difficult journey of reconstruction. Literary critics, on the basis of their respective knowledge and understanding haveRead MoreThe Historical Progression of African Americans4523 Words   |  19 Pageshere. Every avenue of their cultural, economic, literary, political, religious, and social values has been violated to no avail, and then only until the early 60s were there noticeable changes. Between 1865 and 1876, life for African Americans was nothing but sadness and hardships. Two social issues they faced were discrimination and slavery. The Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed African Americans in rebel states, and after the Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment emancipated all U.S.Read MoreEssay on C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career Of Jim Crow1497 Words   |  6 PagesVirginia in 1954. With every revision, he includes more evidence for arguments and responds to literary criticism. With the Civil Rights Movement raging around him, Woodward sought to explain the way the environment had come to be the way it was. In 1955 the Montgomery bus boycott was occurring as Woodward’s book was being published. With his first edition of the book, some of the most notable events of the civil rights movement had not yet occurred, Rosa Parks had not refused to give up her seat onRead MoreDemocracy Has Been Claimed As An Example Of Realism Literature Essay2048 Words   |  9 Pages Marcus Aurelius once said, â€Å"Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact. Everything we see is a perspective, not the truth.† Literature begs to give us a representation of truth but only real life succeeds in showing the actual truth. One literary movement, realism, began out of the world’s quest for truth and reality in a time of confusion and rebuilding. Henry Adams’ novel Democracy has been claimed as an example of realism literature; one can explore this claim through the lens of one particularRead MoreVirginias Private War by William Blair Essay examples2552 Words   |  11 PagesVirginias Private War by William Blair Virginias Private War by William Blair and Tara Revisited by Catherine Clinton seek to primarily explain why the Confederacy lost the Civil War. Virginias Private War examines this question by focusing on the Virginia home front and the difficulties faced in trying to wage war as a slave society. Tara Revisited examines the question of the Confederate defeat specifically from the perspective of southern women. It pays special focus to contemporaryRead MoreA History of African Americans after Reconstruction Essay2543 Words   |  11 PagesHistory of African Americans after Reconstruction During reconstruction the United States was divided on social issues, presidential campaigns were won and loss on these issues during this period. The struggle for development of African Americans and how they initiated change in political, economic, educational, and social conditions to shape their future and that of the United States. (Dixon, 2000) The South’s attempts to recover from the Civil war included determining what to do with newly freedRead MoreW.E.B. Du Bois Essay1794 Words   |  8 Pagesinitial research on the black experience in the United States. Civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. have referred to Du Bois as a father of the Civil Rights Movement. Du Bois conducted the initial research on the black experience in the United States, and paved the way for the Pan-African and Black Power movements. This paper will describe his life, work, influence in the black community, and much publicized civil dispute with another black leader, Booker T. W ashington. Du BoisRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 Pagesprolonged metaphor(s), in which typically a series of actions are symbolic of other actions† . â€Å"Historical Fiction- the genre of literature, film, etc., comprising narratives that take placein the past and are characterized chiefly by an imaginative reconstruction of historical events and personages.† Source: http://producer.csi.edu/cdraney/2010/215/resources/strehle_chosen-people(kingsolver).pdf http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~haroldfs/popcult/handouts/metaphor/allegory.html http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/historical+fiction

Movie Analysis Mrs. Doubtfire - 1629 Words

Introduction Health practitioners must understand that family systems play a role in the health of the individual family members. For example, in a household with increases tension children might present with physical manifestations of anxiety. Further, the belief system of the family can have an impact on the healthcare decision making. To better understand family systems and roles the film Mrs. Doubtfire will be utilized as a case study for family assessments. Movie Setting and Story The film Mrs. Doubtfire is about a family who is in some turmoil. The mother (Miranda) of the family has requested a divorce from the husband (Daniel) and has denied him custody of their three children (Lydia, Chris, and Natalie). In response, the husband chooses to dress up as an elderly woman and is hired as the housekeeper and children’s nanny (Mrs. Doubtfire). The film portrays divorce using a comedic element. After the Mrs. Doubtfire is revealed to be the husband in disguise the mother petitions the court and is granted full custody. However, the children do not adjust to this change well. The children’s difficulty adjusting to the change prompts Miranda to seek out Daniel to change the custody arrangement. At the end of the movie, it is revealed to the children that the father will continue in his caregiving role without a disguise. Assessment of Movie Family This family is an upper-middle class Caucasian family living in an urban environment. The parent’s divorce has impacts on theShow MoreRelatedTelemetry 1011124 Words   |  5 Pages[pic] Movie Family Analysis Submit by 2359 Sunday of Week 1. |Name: | |Date: | | Overview Choose a movie from the provided list. Watch the movie, focusing specifically on the family unit featured in the film. Compare and contrast the movie family’s characteristics and behaviors to the assessment criteria introduced in the class notes and readings from the

Hecules And His Labors Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Hecules And His Labors Essay, Research Paper The Story of Hercules With Greek Mythology a common topic in today s modern schoolrooms, understanding the characters and thoughts behind it is of import. Mythology is made up of many different constructs, including powerful Gods, weak worlds, great heroes, horrific monsters, and even a small thaumaturgy. Each narrative in Grecian Mythology can be tied to another, each holding some of the common stated features. The narratives interweave to give one monolithic aggregation of narratives of powerful Gods and brave persons contending great monsters where sex, treachery, and slaying all come into drama. Hercules is one such character that fits the description of a Grecian Mythological hero. The half-man half-god Sun of Zeus, Hercules is considered to be the greatest hero of all Greek Mythology. The narrative of Hercules and his 12 accomplished labours is greater than the narrative of any other hero of Greek Mythology. ( Rouse 55 ) Hercules was the kid of Zeus and Alcmena, the princess of Thebes. Zeus 7th married woman, Hera, was highly covetous of Zeus new boy. At the clip of his birth, Zeus swore that the following kid born would govern the great metropolis of Mycenae. Hera plotted against Alcmena s shortly to be born boy by holding Ilithyia, a childbearing coordinator halt the birth of Zeus. Ilithyia forced Alcmena to sit with her legs crossed until Eurystheus, Zeus older cousin, was born. ( Pinsent 94 ) Eurystheus would now go the new swayer. Here was still non satisfied. One dark, she sent two snakes into the cot of Hercules and his twin brother Iphicles. Hera thought for certain the serpents would kill Hercules, but she was incorrect. Heracless killed both snakes individual handedly. Upon hearing this, the metropolis s blind prophesier so reported I swear that many a Grecian adult female as she cards the wool that eventide shall sing of this your boy and you who bore him. He shall be the hero of all world . ( Hamilton 163 ) With Eurystheus the new swayer of Mycenae, Hercules was powerless. He was forced to populate by the ways of his tyrant cousin. During this clip, Hercules grew strong in many ways. He was faced with the determination of taking the difficult route of Virtue, or the short, apparently easy path of Vise. He chose to take the route of Virtue and grew to be strong mentally and physically. ( Rouse 57 ) His journey brought him unexcelled endowments with the bow and pointer, wrestle, and packaging. During this clip, Hercules killed the great king of beasts of Cithaeron. He wore the tegument of the king of beasts as a cloak to demo his strength. From at that place, he traveled to contend the Minyans, a close by metropolis that was had the town of Thebes under testimonial. He crushed their ground forces and was greatly rewarded with Megara, the King of Thebes girl. His new married woman brought him three kids. Hera one time once more became highly covetous and smitten Hercules with lunacy. Durin g this clip, Hercules killed his new household, and so decided the best manner to deliver his ego was to be under the regulation of Eurystheus. He now became his retainer, and had to make the labours presented before him. ( Hamilton 163 ) His first labour was to kill the great king of beasts of Peloponnese, known as Nemean. The king of beasts s tegument was excessively strong to be penetrated by any blade or pointer, so Hercules beat the king of beasts to decease. ( Pinsent 95 ) For his 2nd labour, Hercules was required to kill the Lernaean Hydra, a multi-headed monster. The monster was difficult to get the better of because it was said that one time one caput was chopped off, two more would turn back in its topographic point. He called upon the aid of his nephew, Iolaus to assist with this conflict. Hercules would chop off the caputs, while Iolaus would fire the unfastened lesions shut so no caputs would come through. Together, they easy defeated the monster. ( Hamilton 164 ) For his 3rd labour, Hercules had to capture the Cerynitian Hind. It was a beautiful cervid with gilded horns. Heracless could non kill it, but managed to convey it to Eurystheus after a twelvemonth of runing it. For his following labour, Eurystheus made Hercules clean out the stallss of King Augeas in a individual twenty-four hours. Augeas possessed huge herds of cowss, which had deposited their manure in such measure over the old ages that a thick olfactory property hung over the full Peloponnesus. Alternatively of using a shovel and a basket as Eurystheus imagined, Hercules diverted two rivers through the stable pace and got the occupation done without a job. But because he had demanded payment of Augeas, Eurystheus refused to number this as a Labor. The undertaking of driving off the Stymphalian birds was following. The people of Stymphalus did non like the birds due to the big figure of them. Bing the skilled bowman he was, he rapidly shot them down and the people were happy one time once more. ( Hamilton 164 ) The 7th labour was to get the better of the powerful Minotaur from the metropolis of Crete The bull was given to Minos from Poseidon as a gift. Hercules wrestled the great half-man half-bull to the land and shipped him back to Eurystheus. ( Hamilton 164 ) Following Hercules was instructed to convey Eurystheus the female horses of Diomedes. These Equus caballuss dined on the flesh of travellers who made the error of Ac cepting Diomedes’ cordial reception. Hercules pacified the animals by feeding them their ain maestro. Hercules so rounded them up and herded them down to sea, where he embarked them for Tiryns. Once he had shown them to Eurystheus, he released them. Wild animate beings on Mount Olympus finally ate them. The 9th Labor took Hercules to the land of the Amazons, to recover the belt of their queen for Eurystheus # 8217 ; girl. The Amazons were a race of warrior adult females, great bowmans who had invented the art of contending from horseback. Hercules recruited a figure of heroes to attach to him on this expedition. The Amazon queen, Hippolyte, volitionally gave Hercules her belt, but Hera was non about to allow the hero acquire off so easy. The goddess stirred up the Amazons with a rumour that the Greeks had captured their queen, and a great conflict ensued and Hercules made off with the belt. ( Rose 210 ) Heracless was now instructed to steal a herd of great cowss from a monster known as Geryon. He had three caputs and three separate organic structures from the waist down. His watchdog, Orthrus, had merely two caputs. The hound Orthrus rushed at Hercules as he was doing off with the cowss, and the hero killed him with a individual blow from the wooden nine, which he customarily carried. Geryon was killed every bit good, and Hercules drove the herd back to Greece. ( Rouse 63 ) For the 11th labour, Hercules was instructed to take the fantastic apples of Hera s garden. Ladon, a multi-headed firedrake, and a big wall guarded the apples. In order to win in acquiring the apples, Hercules was told that he needed to enlist in the aid of Atlas, one of the first coevals Gods. Hercules foremost defeated the monster, and so held up the celestial spheres for Atlas while he climbed the great wall to acquire the apples. Upon his return, Hercules tricked Atlas back into keeping up the celestial spheres. ( Rouse 64 ) As his concluding Labor, Hercules was instructed to convey the hellhound Cerberus up from Hades, the land of the dead. The first barrier to the psyche # 8217 ; s journey beyond the grave was the most celebrated river of the Underworld, the Styx. Here the freshly dead congregated as unsubstantial sunglassess, mere ghosts of their former egos, expecting transition in the ferryboat of Charon the Boatman. Charon wouldn # 8217 ; Ts take anyone across unless they met two conditions. First, they had to pay a payoff in the signifier of a coin under the cadaver # 8217 ; s lingua. And secondly, they had to be dead. Hercules met neither status. But Hercules merely stared so ferociously that Charon meekly conveyed him across the Styx. The greater challenge was Cerberus. Cerberus had razor dentitions, three caputs, a deadly serpent for a tail and another drove of serpents turning out of his dorsum. These lashed at Hercules while Cerberus lunged for a bite on Hercules pharynx. Fortunately, the hero was have oning his trusty king of beasts # 8217 ; s tegument, which was impenetrable by anything short of a bolt of lightning from Zeus. Hercules finally choked Cerberus into entry and dragged him to Tiryns, where he received due recognition for this concluding Labor. ( Hamilton 165 ) After the 12 labours of Eurystheus, Hercules still did non experience he cleaned his ego good plenty for the slaying of his boies and his married woman. He continued to conflict many monsters, until he met his destiny. It was toxicant Hydra venom from his 2nd labour that finally brought about his death. He had allowed a centaur to ferry his new married woman Deianara across a river, and the centaur had attacked her on the other side. Hercules killed him with an pointer, but before he died the he told Deinara to maintain some of his blood for a love potion. Deinara used some on Hercules # 8217 ; tunic to maintain him faithful ; small realizing that it had been poisoned with Hydra venom from the pointer. Heracless donned the adventitia and died in torment. ( Pinsent 100 ) Hercules was the lone hero to go a fully fledged God upon his death, but even in his instance there was his mortal facet to be dealt with. By virtuousness of his dramatic accomplishments, even by heroic criterions, he was given a place on Mount Olympus and a goddess for a married woman. But portion of him had come non from his male parent Zeus but from his person female parent Alcmene, and that portion was sent to the Underworld. As a apparition it everlastingly roams the Elysian Fields in the company of other heroes. ( Hamilton 172 ) Hercules was the greatest Grecian hero from Fabulous narratives. His combination of strength, will and courage enabled him to stand before every challenge he faced. There was neer a clip when Hercules backed down. Although beaten down by the inadvertent decease of his household, Hercules continued to contend on. Truly a great hero, Hercules stands mountains above the remainder. Plants Cited Hamilton, Edith. Mythology: Dateless Narratives of Gods and Heroes. New York: New American Library, 1969. Pinsent, John. Greek Mythology. London: The Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited, 1969. Rose, H.J. A Handbook of Greek Mythology. New York: E.P. Dutton A ; Co. , Inc. 1959. Rouse, W.H.D. Gods, Heroes and Men of Ancient Greece: Mythology s Great Tales of Valor and Romance. New York: New American Library, 1957.

Financial Product Sales Strategy

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Product Sales Strategy. Answer: Introduction: In the recent times, it is expected that the number of people over the age of 65 will increase by seventy five percent in Australia over the next twenty years. The figure of 3.3 million of 2012 will be projected to increase by 5.8 million in 2032. As a result, the nation is also expecting the post-retirement assets that likely to grow from around $300bn current to $1.3trn by 2032. Though these statistics unfolds a challenge, but the anticipated volume of post-retirement investments also considers an opportunity for innovation. Different financial products or services can meet a specific goal and needs (Beshears et al 2015). Investing in specific financial products, thus, is an important fact to consider. In this assignment, the retirement saving accounts is being considered as the main marketing product. The main purpose of the assignment is to develop an effective approach to selling retirement savings accounts in the market of Australia. Description About the Financial Product: The retirement savings account is one of the rising options among other financial services and products like securities, debentures, foreign exchange, debenture and many others. This kind of retire accounts can be used for transferring clients super fund into once while all conditions are met under The Retirement Savings and Related Legislation Amendment regulation 2013. Interestingly, majority of the Australian people are more interested for setting their money aside to be spent after retirement. A series of retirement plans and programs are offered by many of financial institutes of Australia such as Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Queensland Country Credit Union, Police Financial Services Limited, Defence Bank Limited and Heritage Bank Limited and many others. All these providers allow individual to contribute a limited yearly sum towards the retirement whereas taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred. It is interestingly observe that the average growing pool of as sets flowing into the retirement space and innovation is occurring with certain funds across both services and products offerings; the retirement saving accounts are one of them. In short, the current trend roughly indicates that half the financial industry presently busy with the development of the post-retirement investment strategy and that is predominantly attained through the adjustment to the defensive split/overall growth. However, a lot of encouragement needs to be provided by the providers of retirement savings accounts in the market of Australia to make more investments into these retirement accounts. Sales Goals: There are only 15% of total funds that adopts lifecycle offerings across Australia in the current phase of individual retirement field (Entrop et al 2016). By selling more retirement saving accounts, the goal is to increase the rate of superannuation savings (at least 20%-25%) into an adequate and sustainable income stream in retirement within 2 years. The sales goal is also incorporate to increase the level of interest to invest in retirement saving accounts by offering competitive interest rates. Sales Activities: Several tactics are available to selling retirement savings account in the market of Australia such as selling direct-to-customer through the official website (Koposko et al 2016). In this case, the product provider will be sold their retire savings account in the same manner because it would be cost effective. Furthermore, it could be easy to popularize this proposed product among the target customers by selling it through online and offline as well (Bateman et al 2014). However, selling through online would be more emphasized by the company because majority of Australian people are make their financial investment through online as per recent trend. In this way, the potential consumers of retirement saving accounts could resolve their queries instant and thus, the financial service provider can deliver the best service over others. Target Accounts: Savings for house, vacation, college are in highest priority among Australian, whereas saving for retirement can seem like the last priority to them (Worthington Devlin 2013). Unfortunately, half of workers are participating in workplace retirement plans as per the recent survey results. By changing these perceptions gradually among Australian, several financial institutions are offers higher interest compare to other saving or retail accounts in Australia. Different types of target retirement savings accounts are available in the market such as traditional plans featuring pre-tax contributions and Roth plans offering after-tax contributions. Types of Target Accounts Features Target Participants (customers) Traditional retirement plan (Normal retirement savings account) Liable for taxed at ordinary rates even though have access to an employer-sponsored retirement plan and individuals are eligible for a tax credit. Furthermore, fund an IRA which have access to employer-sponsored retirement plan may be able to deduct full or part of contribution on their taxes which is depending on contributed employer plan. Interest of IRA can be variable or fixed in nature. Both private and government employees can be the potential investors of retirement savings accounts. Age group of the target participants Min 30 to above Customers: Individual service people and business owners as well Roth Plans (Featuring special retirement saving account) Immediate tax benefits of a tax deduction in retirement can be deducted in the current year against the benefits of tax deferred or distributions (tax free) in retirement. Needless to say, account earnings and withdrawals which qualified in nature are tax free. Individuals (participants of 25 to above) Table 1: Target Accounts (Source: Created by author) Timelines: Sales Activities Start Date End Date Formulate sales goals 01/02/2017 03/02/2017 Develop sales activities 04/02/2017 10/02/2017 Develop Target accounts 11/02/2017 13/02/2017 Table 2: Timeline (Source: Created by author) Marketing Strategy: The methodological approach need to be followed for making an effective marketing strategy (Agnew 2013). To sell more retirement savings accounts across the Australian market, a proper plan needs to be developed. Individuals belonging to the service sector will be targeted first because both earnings and uncertainties are high. However, it is important to make an effort to realize that it is significant to plan for retirement regardless of how individual foresee that part of the life because presents income and time are the two biggest things need going for individual. The marketing strategy will highlight the key benefits that may be perceived by the targeted customers of the financial service providers. Generally, the feature of higher competitive rate of interests and superannuation regulations will be promoted. However, the tax saving benefits and higher accumulated interest after the retirement features can be marketed as the biggest advantage for retirement savings accounts. Th e selling efforts should be given towards an ease that make a smooth value transition into retirement of individuals. Providing higher regular income to individuals at the retirement would be the differentiated features for this proposed financial product (Speelman et al 2013). All these marketing efforts will be promoted by the marketing staff of the financial institution. Revenue Sources: Contribution perspectives Aus Product 401(k), 403(b), or 457 Retirement Savings Accounts Service Providing IRA Online Savings Accounts with high yield and the higher rate of interest compare to a regular saving account Licenses Must be provided by The Retirement Savings and Related Legislation Amendment regulation 2013 After Sales After the opening of RSA, the financial provider will organize individuals super fund balance into the retirement with an ease. Upgrades The new rules and regulations related to the RSA with be updated at the official site of the financial providers Table 3: Revenue Sources (Source: Created by author) Sales Strategy: Selling products or services to the potential market is the main activity to make the plan for an effective financial product sales strategy (Entrop et al 2016). Considering the market trends and functionalists of the other similar service providers, the RSA will be sold out to the target market. In the context, the product will be sold out through the official website. All promotional activities will be conducted by the marketing experts of the service provider along with featuring key product benefits and differentiated factors. This proposed sales strategy is quite justifiable over others like retail, distributor and agent because it would be cost effective. Furthermore, this selling approach would be suitable because the direct-to customer relationship can easily be established through their website. Pricing: The competitors prices will be considered for developing the price for RSA. To provide higher rate of interest, the company will majorly sell other existing saving and current accounts (Burnett et al 2014). While many retail funds have started with lower fees than before, the RSA will be promoted by charging no fees. The final price also provides an adequate insurance coverage to individuals. Charging no joining fees and ongoing account keeping fees, administration fees, the pricing will be developed for retirement savings accounts. In this way, the buyer can control the price while investing into this financial product. Marketing and Communication Strategy: The promotional activities will be practiced in the marketplace through website and internet marketing. The marketing experts on behalf of the company will highlight the key benefits and competitive advantages in their website. A clear rules and regulations to open retirement saving accounts will be highlighted. The low cost basic option and capital assurance guarantee and tax saving features will be promoted with flash messages. Conclusion: The favorable environmental factors are quite sufficient to promote sales strategy for RSA. The website marketing approach will be adopted and key product benefits will be promoted effectively to engross more people into the financial investment. References: Agnew, J. (2013). Australias retirement system: Strengths, weaknesses, and reforms.Center for Retirement Research Issue Brief, 13-5. Bateman, H., Eckert, C., Geweke, J., Louviere, J., Satchell, S., Thorp, S. (2014). Financial competence, risk presentation and retirement portfolio preferences.Journal of Pension Economics and Finance,13(01), 27-61. Beshears, J., Choi, J. J., Hurwitz, J., Laibson, D., Madrian, B. C. (2015). Liquidity in retirement savings systems: an international comparison.The American economic review,105(5), 420-425. Burnett, J., Davis, K. T., Murawski, C., Wilkins, R., Wilkinson, N. (2014). Measuring adequacy of retirement savings. Entrop, O., McKenzie, M., Wilkens, M., Winkler, C. (2016). The performance of individual investors in structured financial products.Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting,46(3), 569-604. Koposko, J. L., Kiso, H., Hershey, D. A., Gerrans, P. (2016). Perceptions of retirement savings relative to peers.Work, Aging and Retirement,2(1), 65-72. Speelman, C. P., Clark-Murphy, M., Gerrans, P. (2013). Decision making clusters in retirement savings: Gender differences dominate.Journal of family and economic issues,34(3), 329-339. Worthington, S., Devlin, J. (2013). Fairness and financial services in Australia and the United Kingdom.International Journal of Bank Marketing,31(4), 289-304.

Olive Twist Essay Example For Students

Olive Twist Essay Major9-12 year old who was born an orphan, he is innocent through the toughest times. His mother is Agnes Fleming and his father is Edwin Leeford. Fagin (The Jew)Major The ugly evil thief leader who takes Oliveras pickpocketer an but ends but getting hung. Monks: helps him give Oliver a bad rep. Nancy: taught her how to pickpocket when she was young Sikes: he is his business associate. NancyMajorA young prostitute who turns righteous and reveals Monks plot and gets murdered by her boyfriend, Sikes. Fagin: her former master as a pickpocketerSikes: Her lover and murdererMonksMinorOlivers evil half-brother who schemes how he can inherit his inheritance. His mother is Mrs. Leeford and his father is Edwin Leeford. Fagin: plots w/ him of how they can give Oliver a bad reputation. Mr. BronlowMinorAn intelligent gentleman who is the natural leader in helping OliverBedwin: his sort of maidMrs. BedwinMinorA kind old woman who takes care of Oliver when he is ill. Mr. Bronlow: her employerBill SikesMajorA wicked, villainous man who is ready to do about anything that is wickedFagin: his business associate. Nancy: his lover and his victim. Bullseye: his dog who takes much abuse. Mr. BumbleMinorThe prideful, fat beetle who becomes unhappily married with Ms. Corney. Corney: his wifeAgnes FlemingMinorOlivers mother who died after delivering him. Fleming: her fatherMr. FlemingMinorAgness father and Olivers grandfatherAgnes: his daughterOliver: his grandsonMrs CorneyMinorA widow who owns the workhouse and marries Mr. BumbleMr Bumble: her husbandMr. SowerberryMinor The undertaker for the paupers, he is fairly nice to Oliver. Mrs. LeefordMinorShe destroyed Mr. Leefords will which gave Oliver some property. Her son is Monks and her husband is Mr. LeefordBulls eyeMinorBill Sikess dog who is horribly mistreatedSikes: his masterEdwin LeefordMinorA good man who is forced to marry Mrs. LeefordHe is both Monks and Oliverss Father, but had Oliver with Agnes and Monks with Mrs. Leeford

Trans Altlantic Slave Trade free essay sample

The Trans-Atlantic slave trade was a transportation of mostly West African slaves over a period of three and a half centuries across the Atlantic Ocean to America and Europe. An estimated twelve million men, women, and children were taken from their African homelands to be used as slaves. The slave trade provided a great labor force for America and both the United States and African economies became increasingly reliant on European trade as America was receiving free labor and Africa was selling off their own people for goods.This resulted in a huge impact on the imperial and economical expansion of both locations. The economic, social and political impact on the Indigenous people was extensive as they were regularly forced into terrible living conditions with long hours on plantation farms and were often beaten and starved. Britain played the biggest role in the fight for the abolition Of the slave trade with the most notable abolitionist being William Wildflower. We will write a custom essay sample on Trans Altlantic Slave Trade or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Act for the abolition in Europe of the slave trade was signed into law by King George the third on the 25th March 1807.This was only to stop the actual raiding not to stop the use of slaves; slavery was abolished 27 years later. America took a much longer time, only abolishing slavery when the 13th amendment to the constitution was ratified in the year 1865. Although unethical and problematic the slave trade was beneficial for the economic expansion in both Africa and America and was very profitable. Plantation owners gained large profits by utilizing unpaid labor and grew very wealthy, particularly from cotton in South Alabama, the Caribbean and South America. This new found wealth was due to European companies paying large sums Of none for the quality cotton. The slave ship owners also benefited significantly as a result of the slave trade, most making huge profits. The slaves were treated predominantly as cargo and as less than people. They were frequently confined in claustrophobic conditions with little food and severe punishments. When in America, the slaves had the potential to be sold for around $800, in todays currency it is equivalent to approximately $10,000.Africa was not at its optimum function during the 300 years of the slave trade. There were major deprivations of labor, with them being inconveniently left tit the elderly and infirmed. The trade was removing men and women from their society. These lost numbers were needed to reproduce and repopulate Africa, and their labor was needed for their vouch communities. Their work was of higher demand in their homeland, yet was forced to work for the benefits of other countries that mistreated and disrespected them.Those with high intelligence, talents and abilities were taken and used as slaves, not utilizing their respective talents. Whilst the rest of the world was moving towards the industrial revolution, Africa was being left behind, major lacking n knowledge about hygiene and medicine. Their life spans were still very short and were dying at a young age whilst losing millions of slaves which affected the birth rate. The benefits for Africa were that ship owners would often trade goods for the slaves, these goods included; material, tobacco, coffee and liquor. The economic impacts caused by the slave trade on the indigenous people were they were not earning a living through the labor, which resulted in a nonexistent income to support their families, ultimately creating an unhealthy economy in the African society. The absence of the bourse resulted in a dwindling workforce in African society, therefore slowing any future economic growth. Socially, the indigenous were not accepted as members of society, rather seen as irrelevant to the fabric of the social classes.They were not perceived as people and were not communicated with in a respectful or sophisticated manner. This resulted in issues for the indigenous in social communication. The slave trade impacted on the indigenous politically as they were not allowed a contribution to the political decisions made in regards to the society in which they worked. Plantation owners in the slave trade played a major role as they used slaves to grow their crops whilst gaining immense profits through t he use of unpaid workers. They were the perpetrators of the slave trade and made their living by abusing the work done by the slaves. The plantations grew in popularity when moved from Europe to America, particularly sugar, tobacco and cotton. The rise of cotton initiated towards the end of slavery in the 1 asss in the Elicited States. It was a huge success with over 60 percent of the four million slaves across America working in cotton from sunrise to sunset. The slaves that worked in fields were usually labeled as unskilled with skilled slaves being responsible for the crucial judgments such as when cane was ready for harvest.When tobacco leaves were right for picking or when sugar juices were ready were among the responsibilities of skilled slaves. Plantation owners were well known for treating their slaves as property or commodities. Visitors to plantation crops were often shocked at how many times they saw the physical abuse Of the slaves which was often a whipping if they did not perform their jobs to a high standard. Female slaves were also known to have been frequently sexually abused. Violence was the greatest threat and the foundation to a successful system. It was a long difficult road to abolition.Some countries had a peaceful transformation whilst others turned to civil wars. The fight for abolition of the slave trade in England was a movement led by a small committee in Britain created in 1 787 including William Dilly, George Harrison, Samuel Hoarer, John Lloyd, Joseph Woods, and Thomas Clarion. As none of committee were members of parliament they quickly liaised they needed someone of stronger influence if they were to make gains toward their aim of abolition. It was this cause that inspired the well known William Wildflower to begin his journey in the fight for freedom of slaves.It was his parliamentary talents that made it possible to begin and strike the biggest attack on the trans-Atlantic slave trade. This speech and many others are to thank for the banning of the British slave trade in 1807 which eventually lead to the act that emancipated Britains slave that passed in 1833, 27 years later. Unfortunately America did not have such a smooth ruinations into abolition. Their county split in half and a civil war began. The Confederates were for slavery against the Union run by Abraham Lincoln who was opposed to slavery.The union eventually won the almost five year war resulting in the death of approximately 620,000 people. Slavery officially ended in the United States when the 1 13th amendment to the constitution was agreed in the year 1865, 32 years after the British. Source A is well known abolitionist William Wildernesss speech on anti slavery, delivered on Tuesday the 12th of May in the House of Commons 1789. When the speech was levered, Parliaments had no official record of speeches given unlike now. Speeches from the 18th century were recorded by newspapers which could very easily alter the speech to serve their own political agenda.In saying this, Wildernesss speech is still considered a very informative primary source. The speech was written to convince the House of Commons, to vote in favor of abolishing the Atlantic slave trade and to change and influence the outcome of the slaves. This speech was the beginning of the movement and was successful in influencing its audience. As soon as ever I had arrived thus far n my investigation of the slave trade, I confess to you sir, so enormous so dreadful, so irremediable did its wickedness appear that my own mind was completely made up for the abolition.A trade founded in iniquity, and carried on as this was, must be abolished, let the policy be what it might, let the consequences be what they would, I from this time, determined that would never rest till I have effected its abolition. This was the closing statement in Wildernesss speech and was a very strong finish but the tone is very emotive by using the words dreadful, iniquity and l will never rest until This is not usually the path politicians take when delivering speeches but the emotive language may have caused the audience to realize the intensity of the problem slavery was creating to the indigenous peoples.Source A would be very useful to historians studying the Trans-Atlantic slave trade for both the fight for abolition and the economic, social and political impact on indigenous peoples. It would provide them with primary source information and evidence and would be a great insight into the methods of abolition tactics used. To help understand the abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, a pop of the official medallion of the British anti-slavery society gives an informative insight. It is a secondary source as it is only a copy and was originally issued in 1 795 by Josiah Westwood, a nonconformist.The jaspers medallion featured a knelling slave with the words written underneath stating Am I not a man and a brother? This was based on an original design of the seal for the committee of the anti-slave trade movement, established earlier that year by Thomas Clarion. Westwood sent the medallions to Benjamin Franklin where they became a very successful with influencing the audience with women wearing them in the hair, as necklaces and some had them as ornaments. The motive behind the source was to raise awareness of slave abolitionists and to encourage the populatio n of Britain to get behind them and support their mission.Source B would be useful to historians studying the fight for abolition of the slave trade as it gives an insight to the types of methods abolitionists used. It would be considered reliable although a drawing of the original medallion as it is quite a simple design and not much could be changed. The motive of the source as to inform the general public and to persuade them to support anti- slavery movements. The tone of the source is emotive as they were trying to make people sympathies the slaves so the words are presented as a plea from the kneeling slave, this adds to what is known about the case.The source is limited as there is not much information and without previous knowledge of the subject it would be very hard for a historian to learn much from this source alone. Source B would not be very useful if needed for the entire topic of the trans-Atlantic slave trade but for the aspects of the fight for he abolition of slaves and the social impact of the slave trade on Indigenous peoples, it would provide historians with beneficial evidence to back their studies.The trans-Atlantic slave trade had major impacts on the African society in many aspects throughout the time in which the trade occurred and for years after it was abolished. It impacted greatly on the indigenous economically, socially and politically. Plantation owners played a major role in the expansion of the slave trade as they encouraged growth through the use and abuse of slaves for their agricultural needs. It was these inhumane conditions that led to the fight for abolishment to hasten and increase in importance.Abolishment was efficient in the British society whereas the Americans were not so easily influenced, as it was only after a civil war that slave labor in America was eradicated and outlawed. These series of events left an imprint in the fabric of the African, American and European history each in varying ways. Some may be seen as positive impacts, whereas the enslavement of Africans will always be perceived as a horrific occurrence in history that is not to be repeated.

Accelerated Reader Student Software Program Review

Accelerated Reader Student Software Program Review Accelerated Reader is one of the world’s most popular reading programs. The software program, commonly referred to as AR, is designed to motivate students to read and to assess their overall understanding of the books that they are reading. The program was developed by Renaissance Learning Inc., which has several other programs closely related to the Accelerated Reader program. Although the program is designed for student’s grades 1-12, Accelerated Reader is especially popular in elementary schools across the country. The programs main purpose is to determine whether or not the student has actually read the book. The program is designed to build and encourage students to become lifelong readers and learners. In addition, teachers can use the program to motivate their students by providing rewards that correspond to the number of AR points earned by the student. Accelerated Reader is essentially a three-step program. Students first read a book (fiction or nonfiction), magazine, textbook, etc. Students may read individually, as a whole group, or in small group settings. Students then individually take the quiz that corresponds to what they just read. AR quizzes are assigned a point value based on the overall level of the book. Teachers often set weekly, monthly, or yearly goals for the number of points they require their students to earn. Students who score below 60% on the quiz do not earn any points. Students who score 60% - 99% receive partial points. Students who score 100% receive full points. Teachers then use the data generated by these quizzes to motivate students, monitor progress, and target instruction. Internet-Based Accelerated Reader is Internet-based meaning that it can be accessed easily on any computer that has Internet access. Being Internet based allows Renaissance Learning to automatically update the program and to store key data on their servers. This makes it much easier on a school’s IT team. Individualized One of the best things about Accelerated Reader is that it allows the teacher to dictate how the program is used including the ability to limit students to a reading range that is on their level. This keeps students from reading books that are too easy or too difficult. Accelerated Reader allows students to read on their own levels and to read at their own pace. It does not dictate which book a student reads. There are currently over 145,000 quizzes available to students. In addition, teachers may make their own quizzes for books that currently are not in the system or they may request that a quiz is made for a particular book. Quizzes are added continuously for new books as they come out. Easy to Set Up Students and teachers can be quickly added to the system either through large batch enrollment or individualized addition. Accelerated Reader allows teachers to customize individual reading levels. Teachers can get these reading levels from a STAR Reading Assessment, standardized assessment, or individual teacher assessment. Classes can be quickly set up to allow the teacher to monitor whole class reading progress and to compare individual students within that class. Motivates Students Every quiz in the Accelerated Reader program is worth points. Points are determined by a combination of the difficulty of the book and the length of the book. Teachers often set goals for the number of points each student must earn. The teacher then rewards their students by giving things such as prizes, parties, etc as motivation to meet their goals. Assesses Student Understanding Accelerated Reader is designed to determine whether or not a student has read a particular book and the level at which they understand the book. A student cannot pass the quiz (60% or higher) if they have not read the book. Students who pass the quizzes demonstrate that they not only read the book, but they have a proficient level of understanding of what the book was about. Uses the ATOS Level The ATOS book level is a readability formula used by the Accelerated Reader program to represent the difficulty of a book. Each book in the program is assigned an ATOS number. A book with a level of 7.5 should be read by a student whose reading level is somewhere around the 7th grade and fifth month of the school year. Encourages Using the Zone of Proximal Development Accelerated Reader encourages the use of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The Zone of Proximal Development is defined as the range of difficulty that will challenge a student without causing the student to become frustrated or lose motivation. The ZPD can be determined by the STAR Reading assessment or the teacher’s best professional judgment. Allows Parents to Monitor Progress The program allows parents to do the following: Monitor a student’s progress towards reading goals.Conduct book searches.Review results, view the number of books read, words read, and quizzes passed. Provides Teachers With Tons of Reports Accelerate Reader has about a dozen fully customizable reports. These include diagnostic reports, history reports; quiz usage reports, student point reports, and many more. Provides Schools With Technical Support Accelerated Reader allows you to receive automatic software updates and upgrades. It provides live chat support to answer questions and provide immediate resolution to any issues or problems you have with the program. Accelerated Reader also provides software and data hosting. Cost Accelerated Reader does not publish their overall cost for the program. However, each subscription is sold for a one-time school fee plus an annual subscription cost per student. There are several other factors that will determine the final cost of the programming including the length of the subscription and how many other Renaissance Learning programs your school has. Research To date, there have been 168 research studies that support the overall effectiveness of the Accelerated Reader program. The consensus of these studies is that Accelerated Reader is fully supported by scientifically based research. In addition, these studies concur that the Accelerated Reader program is an effective tool for boosting students’ reading achievement. Overall Assessment Accelerated Reader can be an effective technological tool for motivating and monitoring a student’s individual reading progress. One fact that can’t be ignored is the program’s immense popularity. Observations show that this program benefits many students, but the overuse of this program can also burn many students out. This speaks more to how the teacher is using the program than it does to the overall program itself. The fact that the program allows teachers to quickly and easily assess whether a student has read a book and the level of understanding they have from the book is a valuable tool. Overall, the program is worth four out of five stars. Accelerated Reader can have immense benefits for younger students but can lack in maintaining its overall benefits as students get older.

Federalist Essay essays

Federalist Essay essays In order to protect the safety and welfare of this country, the states which it is comprised of must come together to form a unified society. History has indeed shown us that the unification of the people of America has enabled us to achieve our goals. Unfortunately at this time, in what hopes to be only a minor obstruction in this countys future, we once again find ourselves divided among causes. The Constitution has become an object of this great debate. To most, it is not a matter of the importance of government, but more a matter of the certain liberties that must be forfeited to create a national government. The union of this countrys 13 states holds the key to this newly forming nations vitality. The widely accepted Constitution holds a promise for the aforementioned vitality of this land. Initial efforts at unity were admirable, but at the same time were lacking. The Articles of Confederation never held any potential for this land. They were merely a starting ground that brought this country together enough to begin to form, as written in the preamble of the constitution, a more perfect union. The Constitution does exactly so, it creates a firm union of the people. As previously stated, a union in crucial to this country. With England and Spain feuding over the Mississippi and St. Lawrence Rivers, war could let loose. A unified nation is the best possible defense plan. By being able to reap the benefits of the brightest and most talented, by being able to enact foreign policy that treats all foreign threat the same, and by acting in the interests of this county as a whole, it becomes quite easy to ward of any threat to us. The Constitution lays out rules and guidelines for federal agencies (i.e. Congress, and The Supreme Court). A system was created that is fair for all states, which makes it fair for this country as a whole. Under the Constitution, there are ...

Is Gatsby Great Analyzing the Title of The Great Gatsby

Is Gatsby Great Analyzing the Title of The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most often, your first sense of a book is your reaction to its title. The best titles make novels sound mysterious, exciting, or interesting, attracting readers. Well-chosen titles also give readers a sense of what they can expect to find within the pages of the book. At the same time, a title is usually an author’s way of declaring what is and isn’t important in the book. A title can reflect a work’s theme or focus, pointing out the right frame of mind for reading. So how does the title of The Great Gatsby work? What is it showing us about the book that we are about to read - and how does our understanding of the title shift as we make our way through the story? Is Gatsby really great? In this article, I’ll dissect the different meanings of this title and explain the other titles that Fitzgerald was considering when he was writing the book. What Can We Learn From The Title of The Great Gatsby? In order to really explore the ways that this title reflects the novel, let’s first cut it into its parts, and then consider them back to front. The Title Features the Name of a Character Usually, when a novel is titled with the name of one of the characters, that either means that we’re about to read a biography or that the named personis the main character (for instance, Jane Austen’s Emma or J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter). So, here, the fact that â€Å"Gatsby† is in the title shows us that the focus of the story will be on him. In this case, this focus goes both ways. The novel is biographical, meaning, the novel is the story of Gatsby’s life. But also, Gatsby is, in fact, the protagonist of the story. It’s helpful for the title to show us this, since in this book the first-person narrator turns out not to be the main character. Great? Great! Great. Now let’s investigate four possible readings of the second part of the title, which all depend on the meaning of the word â€Å"great.† 1. Shallow and Straight-Faced This version takes â€Å"great† as a straightforward compliment, meaning â€Å"wonderful.† In this version, Gatsby is great because he is the richest, coolest, handsomest dude, who drives the best car and throws the most banging parties. In this take, the title means total admiration: Gatsby is nothing but greatness. This reading of the title applies best in the beginning of the novel, when Gatsby is all mysterious rumors, swirling success, and unimaginable luxury, and when Nick is in his thrall. 2. Mocking and Ironic On the other hand, we could be dealing with the â€Å"oh, that’s just great.† version of this word. As we - and the novel’s characters - learn more about Gatsby, the initial fascination with him turns into disappointment. In this reading, the â€Å"great† turns bitter. In reality, Gatsby’s money comes from crime. His parties, house, and material wealth don’t make him happy. He’s a moral bankrupt who is chasing after a married woman. And he hates his real self and has created a whole new fake persona to live out a teenage fantasy. This reading of the title works when Gatsby seems like a sad, shallow shell of â€Å"greatness† – he’s like a celebrity brand with no there there. 3. Deep and Soulful Another possibility is that â€Å"great† here means â€Å"intense and grand.† After all, even though Gatsby is a hollow shell of a man who’s propped up by laundered money, Nick firmly believes that he stands head and shoulders above theold money set because everything Gatsby does, he does for the truest of true love. Nick, who starts out being on the fence about Gatsby, comes to think of his love for Daisy as something that elevates Gatsby. For Nick, this love marks Gatsbyas the only one who matters of all the people he met during that summer ("They're a rotten crowd....You're worth the whole damn bunch put together" (8.45)). 4. Theatrical The final possibility is that this â€Å"great† sounds like the stage name of a magician (like â€Å"The Great Cardini,† master card illusionist). This version of Gatsby is also completely fitting: after all, he literally transforms into a totally different man during the course of his life. And, it wouldn’t be the last time that the novel was interested in the way Gatsby is able to create a spectacle, or the way he seems to be acting on a stage rather than actually living. For example, Nick says Gatsby reminds him of a â€Å"turbaned ‘character’ leaking sawdust at every pore† (4.31), while one of Gatsby’s guests compares him to David Belasco, a famous theater producer (3.50). The Title Is a Timeline So which of these versions is the correct one? All of them. One of the interesting things about this novel is that the title’s meaning shifts depending on how far we’ve read, or how much time we’ve spent reflecting on what we’ve read, or what we ultimately choose to believe about Gatsby’s motivationsand driving ambition. Which version of the â€Å"great† Gatsby appeals to you? Gatsby: always a little larger than life. Famous Alternate Titles Did you know that Fitzgerald actually was not a huge fan of the title The Great Gatsby? It was pushed on him by Max Perkins, his editor, who was facing a deadline (and probably by his wife Zelda as well). Fitzgerald had a list of titles he actually preferred to this one, and each of them reveals something about the novel, or at least about Fitzgerald’s sense of what the novel he wrote was all about. Unlike the actual title the novel ended up with, the alternate titles vary in how zoomed in they are onto Gatsby. Let’s go through them to see what they reveal about Fitzgerald’s conception of his work. Trimalchio, or Trimalchio in West Egg This was Fitzgerald’s favorite title - it’s what he would have named his book if Max Perkins hadn’t interfered to say that no one would get the reference. Perkins may have been right. Trimalchio is a character in The Satyricon, a book by the Ancient Roman writer Petronius. Only fragments of this work survive, but basically, it’s a satire that mocks Trimalchio for being a nouveau riche social climber who throws wildly elaborate and conspicuously expensive dinner parties (sound familiar?). Trimalchio is arrogant and vulgar and very into displaying his wealth in tacky ways. In the fragment we have, Petronius describes one party at length. It ends with the guests acting out Trimalchio’s funeral as an ego-boost. It’s important to note that in The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald does refer to Gatsby directly as Trimalchio at one point: "...as obscurely as it had begun, his career as Trimalchio was over" (7.1). Since The Satyricon is a satire, this alternate title suggests Fitzgerald originally wanted to present Gatsby as a figure to be mocked rather than to appear more grand/mysterious. This attitude towards the novel’s main seeker of the American Dreampaints Gatsby’s ambition to join elite society in an even darker and less flattering light than the noveldoes now. Among The Ash Heaps and Millionaires, or On The Road To West Egg These titles pan out, away from Gatsby and toward the geographic, social, and economic environment of the book. Both of these titles do this by giving us a sense of being between things, primarily the places with money and those without. Character-wise, these titles seem more Nick-focused, since he is the one who shows us the differences between these two worlds. Also, by referring to the physical space that separates Manhattan and the Long Island towns where the wealthy live, both of these titles directly reference the book’s climactic death, which takes place on the road back to West Egg, right at the place where the richly symbolicvalley of ashes is. Gold-Hatted Gatsby, or The High Bouncing Lover These rejected titles are both references to the epigraph that opens the book: Then wear the gold hat, if that will move her; If you can bounce high, bounce for her too, Till she cry â€Å"Lover, gold-hatted, high-bouncing lover, I must have you!† by THOMAS PARKE D'INVILLIERS. Thomas Parke D'Invilliers is a secondary character in Fitzgerald’s semi-autobiographical first novel, This Side Of Paradise. In the novel, D’Invilliers is a poet who befriends the main character and whose poetry seems never to reflect the darker realities of life. The poem gives advice to a lover who is willing to go to desperate lengths to get the woman he is interested in to return the feeling (again, sound familiar?). A title based on this poem would place the novel’s emphasis squarely on Gatsby’s longingforDaisy, reorienting our sense of Gatsby as a striver to his function as a love interest. Under The Red, White, and Blue Rather than referencing any part of the book - a character, a place, or even an idea - this title instead broadens the reader’s perspective to a patriotic or nationalistic view of the United States. The effect is that we could easily be looking at a war story, or some political tract - there is simply nothing in this title that gives us any sense of what the underlying novel might be about. If Fitzgerald had gone with this title, we would read this novel much more squarely as a more direct indictment of America, or at least the myth of the American Dream. This is certainly one of the enduring themes of the novel, but since Nick ends up contrasting the midwest and the east coast’s totally different ideas about success and the American Dream, this title would actually dilute Fitzgerald’s disapproval by making all of the U.S. complicit. The symbolism of that lasttitle may have just been a bit too heavy-handed. The Bottom Line: Is Gatsby Great? The title is the reader’s first encounter with abook, which means it usually declares the focus or theme of that book. The Great Gatsby is a title that can be read Straightforwardly, as a declaration of Gatsby as a man who actually achieved the American Dream Ironically, since Gatsby’s greatness is a hollow sham and he is an amoral striver As a measure of the depth of his inner life As a stage name of sorts for Gatsby’s great performance of â€Å"upper-class WASP† Fitzgerald wasn’t particularly happy with the name and instead was considering An allusion to Trimalchio, which would link Gatsby to another famously vulgar new-money guy Titles that focused more on the geography of the novel’s climactic scene A broad American flag reference that calls into question the American Dream What’s Next? Learnwhy The Great Gatsbybegins the way it does-with a poem written by Fitzgerald himself, but disguised asthe work of someone else. Analyze the character traits of Jay Gatsbyto see which meaning of the word â€Å"great† really applies. Investigate the key themes pointed to by the various alternate titles: the American Dream, social status, and unrequited love. Read our summary ofThe Great Gatsby, and find links to our many otherGreat Gatsbyanalysis articles. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Biography of Walter Cronkite, Journalist and Anchorman

Biography of Walter Cronkite, Journalist and Anchorman Walter Cronkite was a journalist who defined the role of network anchorman during the decades when television news rose from being the  neglected stepchild of radio to a dominant form of journalism. Cronkite became a legendary figure and was often called the most trusted man in America. Fast Facts: Walter Cronkite Known For: Broadcast journalist and anchorman who covered key moments in American historyAlso Known As: The Most Trusted Man in AmericaBorn: December 4, 1916 in  St. Joseph, MissouriDied: July 17, 2009 in New York City, New YorkEducation: University of Texas at AustinSelected Awards: Presidential Medal of Freedom, NASAs Ambassador of Exploration Award, Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of SpeechNotable Quote: And thats the way it is. Originally a print reporter who excelled as a battlefield correspondent during  World War II, Cronkite developed a skill for reporting and telling a story which he brought to the embryonic medium of television. As Americans began receiving much of their news from television, Cronkite was  a familiar face in living rooms across the country. During his career Cronkite covered combat up close, putting himself at risk on a number of occasions. In less dangerous assignments he interviewed presidents and foreign leaders, and covered critical events from the  McCarthy era  to the early 1980s. For a generation of Americans, Cronkite provided a highly credible voice and a steady and calm manner during tumultuous times. Viewers related to him, and to his standard closing line at the end of each broadcast: And thats the way it is. Early Life Walter Cronkite was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, on December 4, 1916. The family moved to Texas when Cronkite was a child, and he became interested in journalism during high school. While attending the University of Texas,  he worked for two years part-time for the Houston Post newspaper, and after leaving college he took a variety of jobs at newspapers and radio stations. In 1939, he was hired to be a war correspondent by the United Press wire service. As World War II intensified, the newly married Cronkite departed for Europe to cover the conflict. Formative Experience: World War II By 1942, Cronkite was based in England, sending dispatches back to American newspapers. He was invited into a special program with the U.S. Army Air Force to train journalists to fly aboard bombers. After learning basic skills, including firing the airplanes machine guns, Cronkite flew aboard an Eighth Air Force B-17 on a bombing mission over Germany. The mission turned out to be extremely dangerous. A correspondent from the New York Times, Robert P. Post, who was flying  on another B-17 during the same mission, was killed when the bomber was shot down. (Andy Rooney, a correspondent for Stars and Stripes and a future CBS News colleague of Cronkite, also flew on the mission and, like Cronkite, made it back to England safely.) Cronkite wrote a vivid dispatch about the bombing mission which ran in a number of American newspapers. In the New York Times of February 27, 1943, Cronkites story appeared under the headline Hell 26,000 Feet Up. On June 6, 1944, Cronkite observed the D-Day beach assaults from a military plane. In September 1944, Cronkite covered the airborne invasion of Holland in Operation Market Garden by landing in a glider with paratroopers from the 101st Airborne Division. Cronkite covered the fighting in Holland for weeks, often putting himself at considerable risk. At the end of 1944, Cronkite covered the German offensive that turned into the Battle of the Bulge. In the spring of 1945, he covered the end of the war. Given his wartime experiences, he probably could have gotten a contract to write a book, but he chose to keep his job at United Press as a correspondent. In 1946, he covered the Nuremberg Trials, and following that he opened a United Press bureau in Moscow.   In 1948. Cronkite was back in the United States. He and his wife had their first child in November 1948. After years of travel, Cronkite began gravitating to a more settled life, and began to seriously think about jumping from print journalism to broadcasting. Early TV News In 1949 Cronkite began working for CBS Radio, based in Washington, D.C. He covered the government; a focus of his job was to broadcast reports to stations located in the Midwest. His assignments were not very glamorous, and tended to focus on agricultural policy of interest to listeners in the heartland. When the Korean War began in 1950, Cronkite wanted to return to his role as  an overseas correspondent. But he found a niche in Washington, delivering news about the conflict on local television, illustrating troop movements by drawing lines on a map. His wartime experience seemed to give him a certain confidence on the air, and viewers related to him. At that time, TV news was in its infancy, and many influential radio broadcasters, including even Edward R. Murrow, the legendary star  newsman of CBS Radio, believed television would be a passing fad. Cronkite, however, developed a feel for the medium, and his career took off. He was essentially pioneering the presentation of news on television, while also dabbling in interviews (once taking a tour of the White House with President Harry S. Truman) and even filling in as the host of a popular game show, Its News to Me. The Most Trusted Man in America In 1952, Cronkite and others at CBS put serious effort into presenting, live on the air, the proceedings of both major party political conventions from Chicago. Before the conventions, CBS even offered classes for politicians to learn how to appear on television. Cronkite was the teacher, giving points on speaking and facing the camera. One of his students was a Massachusetts congressman, John F. Kennedy. On election night in 1952, Cronkite anchored CBS News coverage live from a studio at Grand Central Station in New York City. Sharing the duties with Cronkite was a computer, Univac, which Cronkite introduced as an electronic brain that would help tally votes. The computer mostly malfunctioned during the broadcast, but Cronkite kept the show moving along.  CBS executives came to recognize Cronkite as something of a star. To viewers across America, Cronkite was becoming an authoritative voice. In fact, he became known as the most trusted man in America. Throughout the 1950s, Cronkite reported regularly on CBS News programs. He developed an early interest in Americas early space program, reading anything he could find about newly developed missiles and plans to launch astronauts into space. In 1960, Cronkite seemed to be everywhere, covering the political conventions and serving as one of the journalists asking questions at the final Kennedy-Nixon debate. On April 16, 1962, Cronkite began anchoring the CBS Evening News, a position he would hold until he chose to retire in 1981. Cronkite made sure he wasnt merely the anchorman, but the managing editor of the newscast. During his tenure, the broadcast expanded from 15 minutes to a half-hour. On the first program of the expanded format, Cronkite interviewed President Kennedy on the lawn of the Kennedy family house at Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. The interview, conducted on Labor Day 1963, was historically important as the president seemed to be adjusting his policy on Vietnam. It would be one of the last interviews with Kennedy before his death less than three months later. Reporting on Key Moments in American History On the afternoon of November 22, 1963, Cronkite was working in the CBS newsroom in New York City when bells indicating urgent bulletins began ringing on teletype machines. The first reports of a shooting near the presidents motorcade in Dallas were being transmitted via wire services. The first bulletin of the shooting broadcast by CBS News was voice-only, as it took time to set up a camera. As soon as it was possible, Cronkite appeared live on the air. He gave updates on the shocking news as it arrived. Nearly losing his composure, Cronkite made the grim announcement that President Kennedy had died from his wounds. Cronkite stayed on the air for hours, anchoring the coverage of the assassination. He spent many hours on the air in the following days, as Americans engaged in a new sort of mourning ritual, one conducted via the medium of television. In the following years, Cronkite would deliver news about the Civil Rights Movement, the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, riots in American cities, and the Vietnam War. After visiting Vietnam in early 1968  and witnessing the violence unleashed in the Tet Offensive, Cronkite returned to America and delivered a rare editorial opinion. In a commentary delivered on CBS, he said that, based on his reporting, the war was a stalemate and a negotiated end should be sought. It was later reported that President Lyndon Johnson was shaken to hear Cronkites assessment, and it influenced his decision not to seek a second term. One big story of the 1960s that Cronkite loved to cover was the space program. He anchored live broadcasts of rocket launches, from projects Mercury through Gemini and to the crowning achievement, Project Apollo. Many Americans learned how the rockets operated by watching Cronkite give basic lessons from his anchor desk. In an era before TV news could utilize advanced special effects, Cronkite, handling plastic models, demonstrated the maneuvers that were being performed in space. When Neil Armstrong stepped onto the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969, a nationwide audience watched the grainy images on television. Many were tuned into CBS and Walter Cronkite, who famously admitted, after seeing Armstrong make his famous first step, Im speechless. Later Career Cronkite continued covering the news through the 1970s, anchoring events such as Watergate and the end of the Vietnam War. On a trip to the Middle East, he interviewed Egyptian president Sadat and Israeli prime minister Begin. Cronkite was given credit for inspiring the two men to meet and eventually forge a peace treaty between their countries. For many, the name Cronkite was synonymous with  the news. Bob Dylan, in a song on his 1975 album Desire, made a playful reference to him: I was sittin home alone one night in L.A.Watching old Cronkite on the seven oclock news... On Friday, March 6, 1981, Cronkite presented his final newscast as an anchorman. He chose to end his tenure as anchor with little fanfare. The New York Times reported that he had spent the day, as usual, preparing the newscast. In the following decades, Cronkite appeared often on television, at first doing specials for CBS, and later for PBS and CNN. He remained active, spending time with a wide circle of friends that came to include artist Andy Warhol and Grateful Dead drummer Mickey Hart. Cronkite also kept with his hobby of sailing in the waters around Marthas Vineyard, where he had long kept a vacation home. Cronkite died at the age of 92 on July 17, 2009. His death was front-page news across America. He is widely remembered as a legendary figure who created and embodied a golden age of television news. Sources Brinkley, Douglas. Cronkite. Harper Perennial, 2013.Martin, Douglas. â€Å"Walter Cronkite, 92, Dies; Trusted Voice of TV News.† New York Times, 17 July 2009, p. 1.Cronkite, Walter. Hell 26,000 Feet Up. New York Times, 17 February 1943, p. 5.

Can Porters Value Chain Help Us Identify the Source(s) if Tesco's Essay

Can Porters Value Chain Help Us Identify the Source(s) if Tesco's Competitive Advantage - Essay Example With more than 240,000 employees, Tesco operates 164 and 2715 in USA and UK respectively (Annual Report, 2011). Tesco is widely known, as it always thrives to constantly communicate its brand message to potential customers, as a company that ‘creates value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty’. Tesco’s Value Chain Analysis The primary aim of Value Chain analysis is to find sources of a company’s competitive advantages. In order to do this, company can be divided in to several activities so that the strategically relevant activities become evident (Bischoff, 2011, p. 3). More specifically, value is an extremely important concept to strategic management and marketing as well. Porter’s Value Chain proposes an organizational system composed of systematic transformation process with inputs and outputs to a distinct stage. Customers perceive and measure value in consideration of money they are willing to pay. If the marketer can make a difference b etween the total cost and the value which in turn equal to that of product’s price, he can generate profit. ... The support activities include administrative infrastructure management, HRM, IT, procurement etc. When it comes to the Value Chain Analysis of Tesco, it can be observed that the company has taken measures to ensure delivering of maximum values to its customers. As depicted below, Tesco’s seven strategies explained in its Annual Report, 2011 exhibit its focus on consumer choice. It is giving greater emphasis on green-retailing. As a global business, it is trying to make a difference in how effectively it can tackle the climate change issues (Annual Report, 2011, p. 15). Both these and its online home delivery system, which was reckoned as highly successful (Child, 2002, p. 135) are major inbound logistics that contribute to its values offers to the customers and profits it proposes to generate as well. In both its home and foreign markets, Tesco operates through a replenishment systems and distribute its goods in its own brands. Moreover, the company thrives on innovation. As far as outbound logistics are concerned, the company is highly successful in going global. As Child (2002, p. 135) noted, Tesco is very successful in delivering fastest organic growth of any retailer in the world. Its non-food business has grown by 18 % in 2000. Tesco was not simply globalizing its business, but rather, it thought of a strategy ‘Think Global, Act Local’ by which it positively approached to understanding of responsiveness of cultural vagaries as well as attitudes of foreign customers (Griffith, p. 4). Tesco in UK has emerged as part of routine, and therefore, it not just seized opportunities but rather it became part of a country where it launched its store and people too became part of it. This has eventually contributed greater to

Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery Research Paper

Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Ci - Research Paper Example In fact, slavery was already in rapid decline in the Border States and cities, because they could not compete with free labor. In the 1850s, tensions between revived by the same problem that produced dating back to the Missouri Compromise of 1820: slavery in the territories. Northerners and southerners in fact came to define "Manifest Destiny" in different ways, undermining nationalism as a unifying force. The Compromise of 1850 relating to the acquisition of territory after the Mexican-American War. It includes a provision for the execution of fugitive slave who led a series of small local events in the North, which has expressed concern about slavery. Most people think of the compromise amendment was finished as a regional problem, but Stephen A. Douglas again in 1854, and the name of democracy. Douglas proposed the Kansas-Nebraska Bill aims to open a huge new range of high quality, clearing and settlement. As an American of Chicago, Chicago was particularly interested in the track link in Kansas and Nebraska, but it was a moot point. More importantly, Douglas was a firm believer in democracy at the grassroots level that the actual settlers have the right to decide on slavery, not politicians from other states. Finally, the popular reaction has come, but the leaders had the spark. Chase Appeal of Independent Democrats "did much to educate the public. In New York, William H. Seward finally took charge of organizing a demonstration against the Nebraska bill, since none had arisen spontaneously. Press as National period, the New York Tribune, and local magazines free of soil, condemned the bill. Convinced that Northern society was better than the south and more convinced than ever a threat to the efforts of the South to expand the slave power of its current borders, the north has been a global approach, which has a risk of conflict, but conflict required power of the Republican Party. Republican Party - a people's campaign, emotional release of "free country" is the border - took over the White House after only six years of existence. The Republican Party was born of the controversy over the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Once the Northern reaction against the Kansas-Nebraska Act took place, its leaders have acted to promote a different political reorganization. Henry Wilson said the death Whig Party and vowed to oppose any attempt to revive it. Horace Greeley Tribune has called for the formation of a new party of the North, and Benjamin Wade, Chase, Charles Sumner and others have talked about the union of all opponents of the law of Nebraska. Tribune Gamaliel Bailey was involved in calling a caucus of anti-slavery Whig and Democratic Party members of Congress in May. Meeting in a church in Ripon, Wisconsin, congregations, February 28, 1854 some thirty opponents of the law of Nebraska called for organizing a new political party and suggested that "Republican" would be the most appropriate name ( to link their cause with the Declaration of Independen ce). rights activists, the mind has played a leading role in creating the Republican Party in most northern states during the summer of the 1854th While conservatives and moderates were content to call for the restoration of the Compromise Missouri or prohibition of slavery extension,

Foreign Exchange Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

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Portfolios - Essay Example There are many types of portfolios and some include the documentation portfolio, process portfolio and the show case portfolio. The documentation portfolio also known as working portfolio is an approach that entails the compilation of data that shows the growth and progression of scholars. A process portfolio is another type of portfolio that shows the general learning process of students. This means that the portfolio collects the small details of the student works and shows how a student used his/her skills to improve their grades. This type of portfolio also shows the self-reflection of the students. Showcase portfolios illustrate the cumulative assessment of the syllabus mastery by the student. It contains the best work of the student from the topics that the teachers have seen suitable for evaluation (Sharp) An electronic portfolio is a portfolio that uses technological methods to document and store the information of a student. It is better that the other types of portfolios because it uses many methods of documenting and storing data. These methods include auditory, visual and graphics. The electronic portfolios have the potential of sorting out materials so that they connect facts to suitable standards. The information can be in form of a tape or computer readable structure. Portfolios are a good way of teaching students as the students will be able to assess themselves in their learning process. When a student looks at how he is gradually becoming a poor student, he may be able to pay more attention to his weak points and work harder to perform better. Moreover, through the student portfolio, a teacher is able to make the students perform better in their studies and improve their weak points (Aurbach, 2006). Unlike a report card, which will only show a grade like C or B, a portfolio shows much more detail. It will show the weakness and struggles of a student. This is

Managing People in Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managing People in Engineering - Assignment Example Further, it understands the changes in the workforce with regard to demographics, skills, interests as well as performance. Workforce planning also capable of identifying various gaps in capability, as well as understanding the suitability of the current workforce for the purposes of future job needs. In addition, this process develops strategies, for example recruitment, retention as well as training for the purposes of addressing needs of staff, according to the gaps (1). The general employment environment plays a major role in workforce recruitment and selection. For recruitment and selection processes to be successful the employment environment has to be inclusive, whereby, for example, there is support by staff for processes such as agency workforce diversity initiatives. Environment includes the external environment- this refers to the various factors that affect the ability of a manager to attract, as well as recruit new workforce. Employment environment refers to factors such as the style of management, work-life balance as well as learning and development factors. For successful recruiting and selection to be achieved, the following processes and procedures are carried out. The first process involves short-listing. This involves making assessments of the applications of candidates to establish their suitability for the engineering post, which is done according to the job description and the person’s specification. After short-listing, persons are required to fill application blanks, which record qualifications, experiences as well as any other necessary specialty. This is an important selection process as it provides important information which can be used to properly identify the person and develop appropriate inferences with regard to his suitability. What follow is employment tests, which are carried out to match the physical, mental as well as temperamental pattern of the individual. These

Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War Essay Example for Free

Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War Essay Some have said that the United States and Iran have been involved in a â€Å"Cold War† for three decades starting with the fall of the taking of American hostages in 1979. One could trace the problems between Iran and the United States to the installation of the Shah in the 1950s. Regardless of the origins, the fact remains that Iran and the United States consider themselves enemies. As such, it is not out of the question that a war between the United States and Iran could break out. This creates a very complex scenario because of the global economic implications of a war between Iran and the United States. Iran is, of course, a major supplier of oil to the many allies of the United States. Japan, for example, is one of the United States’ strongest allies and it receives an enormous amount of oil from Iran. Similarly, many European allies receive imports of Iranian oil. A war between Iran and the United States would have tremendous global implications. Among these many implications would be serious potential negative implications for the world’s economy. Several of these different â€Å"nightmare scenarios† will be explored in this essay. First, it is important to state there are different ways to wage war. Some methods such as supporting the overthrow of the Iranian government via supporting resistance forces might not have the impact of the global economy to the same degree as a series of surgical airstrikes or a ground invasion. In this essay, the subject of ‘war’ will be discussed in its most conventional sense. Specifically, it will be defined as a large scale, drawn out military conflict between the two nations. One of the most strategic areas the United States must consider when it comes to Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 2 the issue of a war with Iran is the fact that Iran is completely reliant on the importation of gasoline. Without shipping access, the ability for Iran to maintain its importation of gasoline would be impossible. Of course, it would be to the United States’ interest to enact a naval blockade on Iran to prevent the importation of gasoline. This would almost immediately lead to Iran further rationing its gasoline supply in order to effectively operate its military. While it would not be accurate to state that a naval blockade would immediately end the war (Iran’s navy could attack the US’ navy and potentially reverse the blockade) However, the scenario of no imports or exports would also cripple Iran’s ability to deliver oil to other nations in the world. This would then have potentially enormous economic impacts on the global markets. The notion that there would be serious economic implications resulting from a war between the United States and Iran has been weighed by many serious thinkers. â€Å"earlier in July when Iran tested missiles capable of reaching Israel and other corners of the Middle East, the price of oil jumped to a new high of over $147 per barrel. In fact, some analysts see the impact of U. S. —Iran relations on the oil market as so important as to suggest the best way to give quick relief to energy consumers around the world is a declaration by the U. S. that military force is not an acceptable option in its dispute with Iran. † (Esfahani) This is why there is so much concern globally regarding a potential United States/Iranian conflict. At the core of mostly all basic economics is the theory of supply and demand. If Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 3 the supply of something is limited and high demand remains in place, the price of the item increases. This then creates the issue of opportunity costs. When you buy something with your money, you have eliminated the potential to use that same money for something else. In other words, if the price of gasoline skyrockets and people have to pay more for it, then they will be depleted their cash reserves or increasing their borrowing. Oil is also employed for the production of electricity which would also increase in price in the face of an oil embargo. Once again, the drain on personal finances as a result of such increased energy and fuel costs would cut into every sector of the global economy. Discretionary income would drop and leisure purchases and even the purchases of necessities would diminish rapidly. What would be the effect of this on the economies of various nations? The impact would be felt on a variety of front. The stock market, for example, would experience a great deal of negative impact as a result of such diminished spending. When people are not purchasing, the stocks of many companies may decline. After all, their profit margins could decline. Granted, there are many steps a company can take to make sure its stock price remains stable. For example, reducing the workforce or cutting spending in other areas would aid in boosting stock prices. However, if something is not done to present the lowering of stock prices, economies will take an immediate tumble. Those with investments in the market would see their net worth diminish. If one Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 4 sees a 25% decline in the value of their portfolio, they will see a 25% decline in their net worth. Again, this is how simple economics works and such an impact will assuredly be the result of a large scale (or even minor military skirmish) between Iran and the United States. There really would be no way to avoid such a chain of events from occurring if a war broke out between the Unites States and Iran. This is because there will be an enormous impact on the price and flow of oil if such a war was to break out. Such an occurrence could not be circumvented in any way. As one can infer, this ties heavily into the concept of aggregate demand which would be the definitive demand for goods and services in a particular economy at certain specific price levels. As one could logical infer, demand for high priced items in this situation of reduced consumer cash liquidity would certainly hamper purchases of high priced items or items that are not considered of vital importance to one’s sustenance. This can lead to s significant reduction in output – the total value of all services and goods produced in the economy – within a very short period of time. We will see the impact of this in the Mundell-Fleming Model (An aggregate demand model) which would detail the relationship between the inflation of prices combined with the actual output of goods and services. In the simplest of terms, high inflation combined with a slow decline in goods and services could prove cataclysmic for an economy. But, even with high inflation, it would be safe to say that the potential for the Mundell-Fleming model to maintain a high supply of goods and services is possible in the United States. The reason for this is that the various sectors of the United States Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 5 economy are so vast that there will be those able to purchase goods and services even at inflated prices. Some professions would not be as significantly impacted by high fuel or energy costs. As such, there may be a certain level of maintained stability within model even though a large section of the population may still be suffering. Issues surrounding a war with Iran are complex and far reaching. This includes the actual manner in which the war would be waged. Considering the size of the US and Iranian military, no option would be off the table in terms of how the war would be waged. Case in point, the utilization of tactical nuclear weapons by the United States may be necessitated. This is not to say that tactical nuclear missiles would be a first response or that they would be directed towards civilian targets. However, there are possibilities that could necessitate the use of such weapons by the United States. For example, Iran has tens of thousands of cruise missiles. The threat of launching thousands of these missiles into Israeli cities, European cities, or neighboring American military bases would potentially require the detonation of the missile silos with tactical nuclear arms. A wide scale Iranian invasion of neighboring countries such as Iraq could require a tactical response. Use of chemical weapons by Iran would constitute a WMD attack and lead to a nuclear response. Really, there are many different variables at work here. Again, this is not to say that a war between the United States and Iran would automatically lead to nuclear strikes. However, the potential for such strikes exist in any large scale military conflict. This would have a devastating impact on the world economy Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 6 for a number of reasons. The possibility of a nuclear strike destroying oil fields would be a potential scenario. The presence of radiation reducing the amount of work that can be performed on oil wells is another. Such scenarios are grim when discussed in an antiseptic manner. In the decades since the detonation of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima, the horror of a nuclear strike’s effects have not been dulled on the senses of people. However, the specter of the potential use of such weapons is always present. As such, the impact – both human and economic – must be weighed. Because of the potential for a tactical nuclear strike leading to arms races in the region (Other nations will want their own nukes as a deterrent to future strikes), the need for a significant conventional force is required. This means the war will have to be funded to handle a long campaign and potentially significantly longer post-war rebuilding phase. This will cost significantly in terms of government expenditures which, in turn, means the deficit will skyrocket. With very high, out of control deficits, a number of seriously negative economic situations could develop. First, a debtor nation may not be able to provide for the common good of society. As such, it must take steps to reduce the impact of the deficit. One method involves printing more money and the other process involves increasing taxes. Both methods have the potential for significant economic harm. When a nation prints more money in order to meet obligations tied to a deficit, it the value of the currency will decrease. A weakened dollar comes with many problems. Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 7 Namely, investment is seriously hampered since the dollars that you amass are worth less. Additionally, there will be a disinclination on the part of foreign investors to put their money into the US market. There would be limited value for their doing so since the dollar is declining meaning their investment capital in dollars would potentially decline as well. Debt holders of US bonds would also become more nervous since they would be losing money on their investment. As pointed out in BUSINESSWEEK, â€Å"As the currency deteriorates, it becomes more expensive to import goods and services from other countries, fueling inflation. In an effort to pull investors back, central banks often raise interest rates when their national currencies lose value. But as anyone who remembers the 70s knows, the combination of rising interest rates and on-the-run inflation can be a devastating economic cocktail. † (Rosenbush) In some cases, foreign investment is critical for the spurning of employment and economic growth. With foreign companies opting to avoid putting their money into the United States, the unemployment could increase which further raises deficit potential. This is due to the fact that more unemployed people means less tax dollars paid to the government. Additionally, unemployment creates greater dependency on welfare which also contributes to higher deficits. All of this further sets the stage for inflation which makes goods and services less affordable to the public. This further damages the economy and adds to the deficits. Tax Economic Implications of a US-Iranian War 8 increases are commonly pointed to as a solution, but their value is limited. When money is taken out of the private sector and placed in the treasury, it makes job creation harder. This, in turn, makes economic recover more difficult as well. If an economic recovery if difficult to expedite, then it becomes much harder to get out of it. That is because the sheer volume of economic pain induced by the many months or years of poor economic factors and growth create complexities and problems that multiply. Again, this makes reversing a poor economy more difficult. As such, some may wonder why the United States’ policy towards Iran may be so hard lined. The reason is that not treating Iran as a threat could prove equally harmful to economic and security interests. Iran’s agitation towards the United States prime allies is not helpful for US strategic security. Also, Iran’s potential domination of the other oil countries in the Middle East does not appeal to US economic interests. As such, there will be perpetual tension between the two countries. Hopefully, such tensions will not lead to war but preparedness for such actions is required. Considering the economic impact of such action, war should be the perennial last resort or option to be executed. So, far it has been averted and will hopefully remain averted for the foreseeable future. Most do not tie the economic ramifications to military action. However, the two are intertwined. Wars need to be funded and there are additional economic costs associated with military action. This is why sensible nations do not rush to war and as well they should not. But, this does not mean a nation should not prepare for the potential worst case scenario.While the US is not is a rush to engage Iran militarily, it understands the potential for such a conflict needs to be adequately prepared for. Works Cited Esfahani, e. (2008, September). The Economic consequences of us-iran relations. Retrieved from http://www. ideals. illinois. edu/bitstream/handle/2142/9093/ policy_brief. esfahani. final. pdf? sequence=2 Rosenbush, S. (2004, November 12). The Pros and cons of a weak dollar. Businessweek, Retrieved from http://www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/ dnflash/nov2004/nf20041112